ISO 19136-1

ISO 19136-1:2020

The Geography Markup Language (GML) is an XML encoding in accordance with ISO 19118 for the transport and storage of geographic information modelled in accordance with the conceptual modelling framework used in the ISO 19100 series of International Standards and including both the spatial and non-spatial properties of geographic features.

This document defines the XML Schema syntax, mechanisms and conventions that:

• provide an open, vendor-neutral framework for the description of geospatial application schemasfor the transport and storage of geographic information in XML;
• allow profiles that support proper subsets of GML framework descriptive capabilities;
• support the description of geospatial application schemas for specialized domains and information communities;
• enable the creation and maintenance of linked geographic application schemas and datasets;
• support the storage and transport of application schemas and datasets;
• increase the ability of organizations to share geographic application schemas and the information they describe.

Implementers can decide to store geographic application schemas and information in GML, or they can decide to convert from some other storage format on demand and use GML only for schema and data transport.

NOTE If an ISO 19109 conformant application schema described in UML is used as the basis for the storage and transportation of geographic information, this document provides normative rules for the mapping of such an application schema to a GML application schema in XML Schema and, as such, to an XML encoding for data with a logical structure in accordance with the ISO 19109 conformant application schema.

ISO 8601-1, Date and time — Representations for information interchange — Part 1: Basic rules

ISO/IEC 11404:2007, Information technology — General-Purpose Datatypes (GPD)

ISO 19108:2002, Geographic information — Temporal schema

ISO 19123:2005, Geographic information — Schema for coverage geometry and functions

ISO/IEC 19757‑3, Information technology — Document Schema Definition Languages (DSDL) — Part 3: Rule-based validation — Schematron

ISO 80000‑3, Quantities and units — Part 3: Space and time

IETF RFC 2396, Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax (August 1998)

W3C XLink, XML Linking Language (XLink) Version 1.1, W3C Recommendation (6 May 2010)

W3C XML, Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fith Edition), W3C Recommendation (26 November 2008)

W3C XML Namespaces, Namespaces in XML 1.0 (Third Edition), W3C Recommendation (8 December 2009)

W3C XML Schema Part 1, XML Schema Part 1: Structures, W3C Recommendation (28 October 2004)

W3C XML Schema Part 2, XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, W3C Recommendation (28 October 2004)

ISO 19115-3:2023 Geographic information — Metadata — Part 3: XML schema implementation for fundamental concepts

ISO 19123-2:2018 Geographic information — Schema for coverage geometry and functions — Part 2: Coverage implementation schema

ISO 19132:2007 Geographic information — Location-based services — Reference model

ISO 19136-2:2015 Geographic information — Geography Markup Language (GML) —
Part 2: Extended schemas and encoding rules

ISO 19142:2010 Geographic information — Web Feature Service

ISO 19143:2010 Geographic information — Filter encoding

ISO 19147:2015 Geographic information — Transfer Nodes

ISO 19155:2012 Geographic information — Place Identifier (PI) architecture

ISO 19155-2:2017 Geographic information — Place Identifier (PI) architecture — Part 2: Place Identifier (PI) linking

Australia - GeodesyML for efficient positioning data delivery

Austria - ÖNORM 2260 – Geometry schema package for reliable geometries

ECJRC - The European INSPIRE Directive

Norway - National standard for modelling geospatial data and services

2003 Berlin tutorial presentation - Geographic Information - Geography markup language GML - Mr. Clemens Portele, Interactive Instruments, Bonn