- Republic of Korea

Conformance test report: Republic of Korea

1 Background

In the Republic of Korea, the address system was switched to the Road Name Address System, which was enforced with legal addresses in 2014, from the Lot Number Address System formulated by the cadastre system which helps to uniformly measure national land and registers its ownership.

Since then, facing social demand for a greater role of addresses and a change in the technical environment of industries using addresses, the Ministry of the Interior and Safety has tried to advance its existing address system based on the road name addresses. It plans to expand the role of addresses as a measure to identify the location of addressable things according to the Road Name Address Act of 2020.

Adoption of the system for assigning addressable facilities would broaden the road name address system to a system encompassing buildings and things. This system was defined as Address of Things. Facilities that require national management are designated and assigned addresses based on the road name address assignment method.

This text is based on the Road Name Address Act that specifies how to plan, assign and maintain the Address of Things and related address data. Therefore, it provides a reference point for countries that may wish to implement an address system including addressable facilities.

Locations can be displayed everywhere. The road name address system has been expanded to vacant space and things such as overpass elevators, riverside parking lots, taxi stands, and drone delivery points. Therefore, the locations of roadways, sidewalks, mountains, or alike where no buildings objects are found are identified.

The distance and locations can be estimated. A road section is divided into 20-meter intervals, and odd numbers are allocated to the left side and even numbers to the right side of the road. The distance between locations can be estimated by multiplying the building number by 10 meter.

Road types facilitate the creation of mental maps. The road types are classified into three categories: 1) ground roads, 2)grade-separated roads, and 3)internal roads. Ground roads are further divided into ‘highways’, ‘daero’, ‘ro’, and ‘gil’. A gil is a narrow road that diverges from a ro, and it is typically identified by a number.

2 Conformance test class: Good practice for assigning and maintaining addresses

2.1 Conformance test subclass: General

Test case identifier:

Requirement 1. /conf/goodPractice/general/objectives

Test method:

Check that the good practice specifies a set of objectives.

Test result:

According to the Road Name Address Act Article 1 (Purpose) of the Republic of Korea, the Road Name Address Act purposes to contribute to prescribe matters (i.e., the indication, use, maintenance, utilization) of road name addresses, National basic districts, national spot numbers, and addresses of things. Therefore, it contributes to promote safety of citizens’ life and convenience and to support to national competitiveness through the supports to the related industries.

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Recommendation 1. /conf/goodPractice/general/objectivesForPublicGood

Test method:

Check that each objective specifies that the assignment and maintenance of addresses is done with the purpose of benefitting governance and society thereby achieving public good.

Test result:

According to the Road Name Address Webpage of the Republic of Korea (https://www.juso.go.kr/openEngPage.do), there are two advantages of the use of road name address in the following:

1) Convenient life
: It is convenient to find routes and directions with systematic road name address.
: It helps to properly respond to the emergency situations such as fire and crimes.

2) Enhanced national competitiveness
: It follows nationally standardized address system.
: It helps to reduce time and costs for logistics cost.

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Requirement 2. /conf/goodPractice/general/context

Test method:

Check that a context is specified to guide the good practice.

Test result:

In the Republic of Korea, addresses are designated and maintained by the public sector, which includes the typical stakeholders.

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Requirement 3. /conf/goodPractice/general/conceptualModel

Test method:

Check that the good practice specifies a conceptual model that describes the classes (types) of addresses assigned and maintained by the good practice, and that addresses assigned and maintained by the good practice conform to this conceptual model.

Test result:

The address system of the Republic of Korea conforms to “KS X ISO 19160-1:2018” based on “ISO 19160-1:2015”.

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Recommendation 2. /conf/goodPractice/general/ISO19160-1Profile

Test method:

Check that the conceptual model conforms to ISO 19160-1.

Test result:

The address system of the Republic of Korea conforms to “KS X ISO 19160-1:2018” based on “ISO 19160-1:2015”.

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Recommendation 3. /conf/goodPractice/general/intellectualPropertyRights

Test method:

Check that the good practice specifies to whom the intellectual property right of the address data belongs, and under which terms and conditions the data can be used.
Check that government organizations have free access to the address data for essential services, such as emergency response and disaster management.

Test result:

In the Republic of Korea, Ministry of Public Administration and Security and local government are in charge of dealing with the issues of notation, usage, maintenance, application of the address.

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Requirement 4. /conf/goodPractice/general/license

Test method:

Check that the good practice specifies the copyright licence(s) under which the address data can be made available.

Test result:

In the Republic of Korea, the public can use the address information provided under the Road Name Address Act. Individuals can use the attribute component of the address information without restrictions and request locational information, including exact coordinates. The Ministry of the Interior and Safety reserves the rights to the address information. Private corporations such as navigation and mapping companies may access the address information, subject to the approval of applications.

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Recommendation 4. /conf/goodPractice/general/facilitateAssignment

Test method:

Check that the good practice specifies a method for assigning values to address components that could be automated to speed up or facilitate address assignment and maintenance.

Test result:

In the Republic of Korea, road types are classified into three categories: 1) ground roads, 2) grade-separated roads, and 3) internal roads. Ground roads are further divided into ‘highways’, ‘daero’ (i.e., roads wider than 40 meters), ‘ro’ (i.e., roads that are between 12 and 40 meters wide), and ‘gil’ (i.e., all other roads). A gil is a narrow road that diverges from either a daero or ro, and it is typically identified by a number. This facilitates the creation of mental maps. Grade-separated roads include overpasses and underpasses, and internal roads refer to public footpaths in buildings, such as corridors in subway stations.

In the Republic of Korea, addresses are assigned from west to east and from south to north for each road section. A road section is divided into 20-meter intervals, and odd numbers are allocated to the left side and even numbers to the right side of the road. The numbers that are allocated every 20 meters are called basic numbers. The distance between locations can be estimated by multiplying the basic number by 10 meter.

Figure 1 Republic of Korea address reference system

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Requirement 5. /conf/goodPractice/general/communicationThroughPhysicalIdentifiers

Test method:

Check that the good practice specifies how addresses are communicated through physical identifiers.

Test result:

In the Republic of Korea, signs for road names, building numbers, thing numbers, basic numbers, and national grid codes are installed where necessary for navigation purposes.

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Recommendation 5. /conf/goodPractice/general/keepingAddressDataInSynch

Test method:

Check that the good practice specifies a method for keeping addresses in the physical world in synch with address data.

Test result:

In the Republic of Korea, address information maps are constructed and regularly maintained to ensure up-to-date and accurate representations of physical spaces. They depict all addressable objects as polygons or points, and thoroughfare names and road sections as polylines.

Outcome:

Pass

2.2 Conformance test subclass: Addressing principles

Test case identifier:

Recommendation 6. /conf/goodPractice/principles/addressing/unambiguity

Test method:

Check that addresses assigned according to the good practice make it possibly to unambiguously determine an object for purposes of identification and location.

Test result:

In the Republic of Korea, addressable objects are explicitly designated for each type of address (i.e., address of buildings, address of things, and address of spaces.

In the Republic of Korea, addresses are assigned not only to buildings (or building groups) but also to things, such as overpass elevators, riverside parking lots, taxi stands, and drone delivery points. The addresses assigned to these are called the address of things.

Figure 2 Republic of Korea address type

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Requirement 6. /conf/goodPractice/principles/addressing/sustainableAssignmentMethod

Test method:

Check that when addresses are assigned, additional addresses can be assigned without breaking the consistency of the address assignment method of existing addresses.

Test result:

According to the Enforcement Decree of Road Name Address Act Article 6 (Composition and Indication of Road Name Address) of the Republic of Korea, basic principles for sustainable road assignment method is stated in the law.

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Requirement 7. /conf/goodPractice/principles/addressing/pilotingAssignmentMethod

Test method:

Check that the assignment method was piloted or tested before rolling it out on a larger scale.

Test result:

Prior to the enactment of the Road Name Address Act, a pilot project was performed.

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Requirement 8. /conf/goodPractice/principles/addressing/deviceIndependence

Test method:

Check that addresses assigned according to the good practice makes it possible to unambiguously determine an object without requiring the use of a digital device.

Test result:

According to the Road Name Address Act Article 9 (Installation of Road Name Sign and Basic Number Sign) of the Republic of Korea, the Korean government installs road name signs and basic number signs at necessary places to provide guidance as to road name addresses or to support rescue and emergency activities.

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Requirement 9. /conf/goodPractice/principles/addressing/noPersonalInformation

Test method:

Check that addresses assigned according to the good practice do not include information about an individual or organization associated with the object.

Test result:

According to the Enforcement Decree of Road Name Address Act Article 6 (Composition and Indication of Road Name Address) of the Republic of Korea, personal information is protected by the Personal Information Protection Act, and personal information is not included in address information.

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Requirement 10. /conf/goodPractice/principles/addressing/dimensionsCongruentWithObjectives

Test method:

Check that the dimensions of addresses assigned according to the good practice are congruent with the context in which they are assigned and maintained, and with the objectives for which they are assigned and maintained.

Test result:

In the Republic of Korea, the address of buildings identify the locations of residential properties, buildings, and rooms in buildings. The address of things identify the locations of public facilities, such as kiosks for government services and taxi stands. The address of spaces identify the locations of roadways, sidewalks, mountains, or alike where no buildings or objects are found.

Address Type	Category	Example
Address of Buildings	Building	6 Banpo-daero 23-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06656, Republic of Korea
	Inside of buildings	1403-ho, 209 Sejong-daero, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03171, Republic of Korea
	Inside of Building group	1201-ho 5-dong, 7 Yeouinaru-ro, Youngdeongpo-gu, Seoul 07322, Republic of Korea
Address of Things	Outside	Taxi Stand 6 Eulji-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 04533, Republic of Korea
Address of Things	Inside	Emergency water supply facility 201-ho, 107 Samcheong-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03049, Republic of Korea
Address of Spaces	Within 100 meters of a road	401 Hannuri-daero, Sejong 30116, Republic of Korea
Address of Spaces	More than 100 meters from a road (Mountain area etc.)	MASA 3422 4151

* MA and SA: Romanization of Korean characters

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Requirement 11. /conf/goodPractice/principles/addressing/suitableComponents

Test method:

Check that the address components of an address class are suitable for meeting the objectices for which the class was designed.

Test result:

According to the Enforcement Decree of Road Name Address Act Article 6 (Composition and Indication of Road Name Address) of the Republic of Korea, the Korean address system conforms to “KS X ISO 1916-1:2018”, which is specified based on “ISO 19160-1:2015”. The components of the road name address is stated in the laws.

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Recommendation 7. /conf/goodPractice/principles/addressing/equivalentDigitalRecord

Test method:

Check that the authoritative address dataset contains a digital equivalent address record for each address assigned to an object in the physical world.

Test result:

In the Republic of Korea, address information is maintained as digital records and updated daily for addresses created or modified by the Korean Address Information System (KAIS).

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Recommendation 8. /conf/goodPractice/principles/addressing/updateAddressData

Test method:

Check that the address data is updated whenever an address is assigned or changed due to maintenance.

Test result:

In the Republic of Korea, address information is maintained as digital records and updated daily for addresses created or modified by the Korean Address Information System (KAIS).

Outcome:

Pass

2.3 Conformance test subclass: Address data principles

Test case identifier:

Requirement 12. /conf/goodPractice/principles/addressData/representsAddressInPhysicalWorld

Test method:

Check that each address data record maintained according to the good practice represents an address assigned to an object in the physical world.

Test result:

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Requirement 13. /conf/goodPractice/principles/addressData/interoperability

Test method:

Check that each address data record maintained according to the good practice is interoperable with relevant public administration systems.

Test result:

According to the Enforcement Decree of Road Name Address Act Article 53 (Korean Address Information System) of the Republic of Korea, address information is managed through the Korean Address Information System (KAIS), which is interoperable with other public administrative systems.

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Requirement 14. /conf/goodPractice/principles/addressData/dataMaintenance

Test method:

Check that address data is maintained according to general purpose data management principles, considering specific requirements due to the geospatial nature of address data.

Test result:

In the Republic of Korea, to maintain the address information map, the related guidelines are prescribed, which includes changes, updates, quality, security management for the address information map.

Figure 3 Republic of Korea address data

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Requirement 15. /conf/goodPractice/principles/addressData/digitalMaintenance

Test method:

Check that digital address data is maintained in an address data management system with appropriate software solutions, such as spatial database management systems and/or geographic information systems.

Test result:

According to the Enforcement Decree of Road Name Address Act Article 53 (The Korean Address Information Management System), the dataset about road name address is managed in the Korean Address Information System (KAIS) based on the geospatial software.

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Recommendation 9. /conf/goodPractice/principles/addressData/conformsToISO19160-1

Test method:

Check that the address data conforms to ISO 19160-1:2015, or a profile thereof.

Test result:

The Korean address system conforms to “KS X ISO 19160-1:2018”, which is specified based on “ISO 19160-1:2015”.

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Recommendation 10. /conf/goodPractice/principles/addressData/conformsToISO19160-4

Test method:

Check that the address data conforms to ISO 19160-4:2017 or a profile thereof if the addreses are assigned for postal purposes.

Test result:

The introduction of “ISO 19160-4” is pending in Republic of Korea.

Outcome:

Fail

Test case identifier:

Recommendation 11. /conf/goodPractice/principles/addressData/conformsToISO19160-3

Test method:

Check that the quality of address data is described conformant to ISO 19160-3:2020, or a profile thereof.

Test result:

The Korean address system partially conforms to the 19160-3, and the Korean government is currently working on the research about the road name address data quality.

Outcome:

Partial Pass

Test case identifier:

Recommendation 12. /conf/goodPractice/principles/addressData/sharing

Test method:

Check that address data is shared in a way that preservs and maintains data integrity.

Test result:

In the Republic of Korea, the address information is publicly available through the Address Information System (https://www.juso.go.kr).

Outcome:

Pass

3 Conformance test class: Governance framework for assigning and maintaining addresses

3.1 Conformance test subclass: General

Test case identifier:

Requirement 16. /conf/governanceFramework/general/strategy

Test method:

Check that the governance framework specifies a strategy based on policies and guidelines, and that the framework is aligned to this strategy.

Test result:

According to the Road Name Address Act Article 4 (Responsibility of the Korean and Local Governments) of the Republic of Korea, the Korean and local governments establish necessary policies for promoting industries that use the address information.

According to the Road Name Address Act Article 5 (Formulation and Implementation of Master Plan for Utilization of Address Information) of the Republic of Korea, the Ministry of the Interior and Safety formulates and implements a master plan for the utilization of address information every five years to enhance the safety of life and convenience for citizens and to revitalize the related industries through the use of address information.

Figure 4. Republic of Korea address information strategy

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Requirement 17. /conf/governanceFramework/general/policies

Test method:

Check that the governance framework specifies policies that specify decision-making structures and procedures, and that the governance framework exercises authority and control over address assignment and maintenance accordingly.

Test result:

According to the Road Name Address Act Article 5 (Formulation and Implementation of Master Plan for Utilization of Address Information), a master plan for the utilization of address information includes the following matters:

Basic direction of national policies related to address information
A plan to establish and maintain address information
A plan to support the related industries based on address information
A plan for the financial supports for the utilization of address information
Other matters related to the utilization of address information

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Recommendation 13. /conf/governanceFramework/general/policiesSupportObjectivesAndContext

Test method:

Check that the policies support the objectives and context of the good practice.

Test result:

Outcome:

Fail

Test case identifier:

Requirement 18. /conf/governanceFramework/general/goodPractice

Test method:

Check that the governance framework specifies a good practice and that it is followed.

Test result:

Outcome:

Fail

3.2 Conformance test subclass: Addressing stakeholders

Test case identifier:

Requirement 19. /conf/governanceFramework/addresingStakeholders/identification

Test method:

Check that stakeholders are identified.

Test result:

In the Republic of Korea, addresses are designated and maintained by the public sector, which includes the typical stakeholders.

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Requirement 20. /conf/governanceFramework/addresingStakeholders/responsibilities

Test method:

Check that each stakeholder is assigned at least one responsibility, and that they are held accountable for their responsibilities.

Test result:

In the Republic of Korea, addresses can be designated by the authorities of local governments. Citizens can request that local governments initiate an address designation process.

In the Republic of Korea, the head of the local government has the authority to make decisions regarding the address designation process.

In the Republic of Korea, the public sector is responsible for maintaining the Korean Address Information System (KAIS) and distributing the address information. Other government agencies verify the locational accuracy of addressable objects on the address information maps.

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Requirement 21. /conf/governanceFramework/addresingStakeholders/mandates

Test method:

Check that the responsibilities assigned to addressing stakeholders consider legal and other mandates.

Test result:

According to the Road Name Address Act Article 4 (Responsibility of the Korean and Local Governments), 28 (Supports Centers for Utilization of Address Information), 29 (Address Information Committee), and 33 (Delegation and Entrustment of Authority) of the Republic of Korea, in regard to the road name address, key stakeholders are the Korean government, Local governments, support centers for utilization of address information, address information committee, the Korea National Land Information Corporation (LX), and Korea Local Information Research and Development Institute (KLID).

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Requirement 22. /conf/governanceFramework/addresingStakeholders/resourcing

Test method:

Check that the governance framework specifies how stakeholders are funded and resourced to fulfil their responsibilities.

Test result:

In the Republic of Korea, the government and local governments spend part of their budget on the designation and maintenance of addresses.

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Requirement 23. /conf/governanceFramework/addresingStakeholders/sustainability

Test method:

Check that funding and resourcing of stakeholders in the governance framework is sustainable in the long run.

Test result:

In the Republic of Korea, the government and local governments spend part of their budget on the designation and maintenance of addresses.

Outcome:

Pass

3.3 Conformance test subclass: Processes

Test case identifier:

Requirement 24. /conf/governanceFramework/processes/specification

Test method:

Check that required processes for address assignment and maintenance are specified in the governance framework.

Test result:

The maintenance of address information for the governance framework is specified according to Road Name Address Act.

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Requirement 25. /conf/governanceFramework/processes/tasks

Test method:

Check that the responsibility for each task in a process has been assigned to a stakeholder, and that the stakeholders complete the tasks.

Test result:

Each stakeholders and their roles are specified according to the Road Name Address Act.

Outcome:

Pass

3.4 Conformance test subclass: Addressing processes

Test case identifier:

Requirement 26. /conf/governanceFramework/processes/addressing/initiationProcess

Test method:

Check that the governance framework specifies a process for initiating the assignment or maintenance of an address.

Test result:

According to the Road Name Address Act Article 6 (Basic Surveys) of the Republic of Korea, the Korean government is able to conduct a basic survey on the locations of roads, buildings, etc, which is for the purposes of the assignment, establishment, management of basic numbers, road name addresses, national basic districts, national spot numbers, and addresses of things.

According to the Road Name Address Act Article 7 (Assignment of Road Names) of the Republic of Korea, the Korean government is able to establish road segments and assigns them to the names and numbers.

According to the Enforcement Decree of Road Name Address Act Article 56 (Matters of Address Information Committee) of the Republic or Korea, the Address Information Committee deliberates on matters related to the assignment of road names.

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Recommendation 14. /conf/ governanceFramework/processes/addressing/consultationProcess

Test method:

Check that the governance framework specifies a process of consultation process for assigning new address component values or changing them due to maintenance.

Test result:

In the Republic of Korea, local governments make decisions on the designation or changes of addresses through a resolution by the address information committee, which considers public submissions.

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Requirement 27. /conf/governanceFramework/processes/addressing/proposeValuesProcess

Test method:

Check that the governance framework specifies a process for proposing new values for address components or for changing them.

Test result:

Article 8 (Modification and Abolishment of Road Name) of the Republic of Korea, the Korean government is able to abolish the road segments, names, and basic numbers of the relevant roads when the Korean government receives an application, a request, or deems that are necessary for the management of road name address.

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Requirement 28. /conf/governanceFramework/processes/addressing/approvalProcess

Test method:

Check that the governance framework specifies a process for approving or rejecting proposed new address assignments or changes to an address due to maintenance.

Test result:

The Korean road name address system is prepared with the following requirements:

Request for the road name setting and assignment
Call for request (longer than 14 days)
Feedbacks from local residents
After feedbacks from local residents, submission of the request for the road name setting and assignment to the road name address committee within 30 days
Review the request by the road name address committee
Finalize the road name setting and assignment within 10 days after the review

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Requirement 29. /conf/governanceFramework/processes/addressing/announcementProcess

Test method:

Check that the governance framework specifies a process for the announcement of a newly assigned address or changes to an address due to maintenance.

Test result:

In the Republic of Korea, for any designation of new addresses or changes to existing addresses, users should be notified by mail, in person, online, or any other appropriate means. The same information should also be provided to relevant public sectors to maintain consistency. The updated address information is published on the local government website.

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Requirement 30. /conf/governanceFramework/processes/addressing/communicationProcess

Test method:

Check that the governance framework specifies a process for communicating addresses in the physical world, following approval of assignment or maintenance of an address.

Test result:

In the Republic of Korea, institutions that manage specific facilities should install or replace the signs for address of things within 100 meters of the road or for the national grid codes 100 meters away from road upon the approval of the address.

Outcome:

Pass

3.5 Conformance test subclass: Address data processes

Test case identifier:

Requirement 31. /conf/governanceFramework/processes/addressData/updateProcess

Test method:

Check that the governance framework specifies a process for updating the authoritative dataset after assignment or maintenance of an address.

Test result:

In the Republic of Korea, the public sector acquires address information for roads, buildings, administrative areas, and entrances and then updates it on the Korean Address Information System (KAIS) and address information maps.

In the Republic of Korea, the public sector designates an address for each location, thing, or space, and surveys the locational accuracy of the national grid code sign. Digital records are updated using the Korean Address Information System (KAIS).

Outcome:

Pass

Test case identifier:

Requirement 32. /conf/governanceFramework/processes/addressData/distributionProcess

Test method:

Check that the governance framework specifies a process for distributing address data after an update to the authoritative dataset.

Test result:

The address information is open and shared through the Public Data Portal and the Road Name Address System.

Outcome:

Pass